JACUBIAN
FASSINITY

Introduction: 

There are many species of Partridge in the world, the most famous of which are: Chukar quack (Alectoris Chukar), 

Rock partridge (Alectoris graeca) and European red partridge (Alectoris rufa). Of course, all partridges are red-footed. The species available in our country are mostly Chukar. For a long time, in many countries, breeding and keeping birds such as pheasants, turkeys and partridges, in addition to raising chickens, has been common in order to provide meat for human consumption, especially for special tastes.

 In some countries, dense breeding of some wild birds such as partridges has become common. The industry of production and breeding of partridge in Iran has been started for about three years by a handful of hunting and nature lovers, and breeding friends have also succeeded in producing and breeding Iranian partridge, and have gained good experiences in this field. Currently, farms in Fars, Kerman, Semnan, Golestan and Isfahan provinces are engaged in this activity. 

facial features: 

The partridge is a beautiful and sweet bird that lives in nature, on the slopes of mountains, rocks and hills. When he feels danger, he runs quickly up the mountains and usually prefers this work to flying. The meat of this bird is very tasty and has a privileged position in terms of nutritional value compared to other poultry. 

This bird is usually covered with gray feathers and has a pea-colored body with wide black border stripes, and beautiful elongated spots can be seen from the underbelly and sides. Its legs and beak are red, and male and female do not differ much in appearance. 

The male partridge is generally larger than the female partridge, while the female partridge's head is oval, both the female partridge and the male partridge have spike-like protrusions on the back of their legs, which are larger in males. The weight of the male bird is about 540 grams and the weight of the female is about 500 grams. In nature, it lays about 12-15 eggs, but with special predictions, this number reaches about 40 in the litter, and this is very important in the breeding of this bird and its production. The height of the bird is about 35 cm and it mates in late winter. At this time, the flock is disintegrated and each male and female live together as a pair and stay together until the end of the incubation period, and sometimes the male bird even sleeps on the eggs. 

Partridge meat: 

The meat of this bird is one of the most useful and delicious meats, although access to it is not available for everyone in our country at least now. The characteristics of the meat of this bird are as follows: There are 24.5 grams of albumin, 1.4 grams of fat and about 1 to 1.5 grams of minerals per hundred grams of Partridge meat. The presence of a large amount of minerals in Partridge meat indicates its vital value. The amount of potassium in this meat is high, and calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron and sulfur in it also supply the body. The minerals in Partridge meat are well absorbed by the body and therefore, in this field, it makes the materials needed by the body available to the cells. Partridge meat is a healthy food for all people, including children and the elderly. Partridge meat produces less uric acid, increases kidney activity and helps the body eliminate toxins. According to these features, it is a good and effective food for all people and for all diseases.

Breeding:
Propagation of partridge is generally easy. If we have healthy birds and reasonable management is applied.
The first point is to take birds that have been bred for this purpose in breeding farms. The most favorable time for marking for rearing is during the first 72 hours after hatching. The first hatching stages are training patterns to tame or fly. Taming is also true for meat birds.

Gender Verification:
At first glance, male and female partridges look the same in color, markings and general appearance. But there are also few obvious differences:
The legs are slightly different. The male partridge has stronger legs and more regular scales than the female. Both of them have a spike-like protrusion on the back of the leg, but this protrusion is larger in males than in females. Males are generally larger than females. Male heads are round and female heads are oval. The neck of the male partridge is usually narrower and harder than the female partridge.
If you have not succeeded in determining the sex of the bird with the above methods, you can resort to their differences in terms of sexual pores.

mating:
There are two mating styles for partridges, they can mate two by two in separate cages. A simpler way that minimizes maintenance is keeping male and female birds in a ratio of 1 to 3 or 1 to 4 and collectively. It goes without saying that in the double mating system, the number of eggs is about 60 and in the community about 40 in the laying season.

Collecting and storing eggs:
If collective nests are used, quail eggs should be collected at least 4 times a day. After cleaning, the eggs can be kept for up to two weeks at a temperature of 15 degrees Celsius and a humidity of about 75%. And it is better to turn them twice a day at an angle of 45 degrees. Eggs that are stored for more than 14 days are less likely to hatch and hatch two days later. The length of the incubation period of the mentioned bird is 23-25 days.
After hatching, the chicks are usually kept inside the devices for 24 hours to dry completely.
After transferring the chickens to places that have already been completely disinfected, we first use heat lamps to keep the temperature of the place around 33 degrees Celsius for the first three days, and every three days we lower the temperature by one degree until it reaches the temperature It reaches 21 degrees and we maintain this temperature until the time of chickens.
The required light during the day is provided by the windows installed in the hall, and at night, 2.5-3 watts per square meter is used.
The growth period of the bird from the day of birth is 5 months on average, which is 3 times compared to chicken and quail, and for this reason, its unit price/capacity will be higher than other commercial poultry.
After 4-5 weeks, it is possible to transfer the chicks to the covered open space.

Being a chick:
Baby partridge chicks are like quail and pheasant chicks. Partridges are susceptible to diseases and parasites. Food and water containers must be prepared and sanitized on the first day.
Antibiotics and prophylactic drugs are very helpful. Medicines can be mixed in water and food and even in automatic drinking fountains, equal to the proportions given by the manufacturer.
Chickens are very prone to crowding. This issue should be the concern of the farm management, what is the reason for their gathering together?
Chickens huddle together if they are cold or scared. Pay close attention to the bird and see that it chooses its comfortable area without crowding. The mud bath is efficient for important purposes. This work helps to groom and smooth the feathers and remove external parasites. If the birds are suffering from external parasites, you can add special powders to the soil.

Nutrition:
Quails should start their first feeding with 28% protein. This food ration gradually becomes 24% during three to six weeks. And then it reaches 17% until maturity and storage period.
These birds should start feeding after 24 hours of hatching. The diet is similar to that of broiler chicken. The food requirements of the bird in the pre-dawn diet are about 3100 kg in terms of energy.

vaccination: 

Usually, in the production centers that are currently observed, only two types of vaccines, B1 and Lasota, are used as follows: 

B1 vaccine is consumed at the age of one week from drinking water (after 4 hours of thirst).

Lasota vaccine is given at the age of 30 days and then it is repeated monthly

References:
1- Adherence to the principles of health and biological safety in poultry breeding - Dr. Alir Za Paydar - year 2012
2-Internet